The Burney Relief: Inanna, Ishtar, or Lilith? No spam ever. This verse is translated in a variety of ways, by people who are varying degrees of willing to include mythological monsters in their Bible translation. Perhaps this is where they initially found their opening for the prostitute story. I prefer to look at the originals, to get a fuller picture, whenever I can, though admittedly, the material is fragmented. This smoothed surface is still visible in certain places, notably near the Queen's navelThe edges of the plaque were trimmed with a knife. I'm all for people having different beliefs but this one just seems like a stretch, I keep hearing from people that Lilith is on the Burney relief, but that's most likely Ishtar. Lilith is Jewish, Inanna-Ishtar Sumerian-Akkadian, the two cultures are separated by thousands of years. According to Dr. Dominique Collon of the British Museum the plaque was made by, clay pressed into a mould and allowed to dry in the sunthe figure was made from fairly stiff clay which was folded and pushed into a specially shaped mould, with more clay added and pressed in behind to form the plaque. Figurines of nude women impressed from a pottery or stone mould first appear at the beginning of the second millennium BCIt is very unlikely that they represent a universal mother goddess, although they may have been intended to promote fertility. A Kabbalistic demonology known as the Treatise on the Left Emanation says that Lilith was not created with Adam, but rather that Samael and Lilith were created at the same time as Adam and Eve to be their dark mirror. She stands erect on two reclining lions which are turned away from each other and are flanked by owls. Thats the entire chain followed to its original source, ending in essentially nothing whatsoever. This power animal is from time immemorial a symbol of prudence and wisdom. There is an intentional push to rewrite history in order to affiliate Inanna with Isis subverting roles and symbols to . Some link Lilith to the Sumerian Lilitu, who were malevolent, predatory female spirits that preyed on men and children, but that is tenuous at best. The relation between Aphrodite/Astaroth and Lilith is that they are both said to be the goddess Innana, I believe. Her sigil also depicts important points of the human soul, as can be seen from the Venus glyph with the inverted cross symbolizing the all-important solar chakra and the pillars of the soul on each . She is the first know Goddess we have written evidence for. It is a known part of edimmu lore (which is Ardat Lilis origin) that they start out as the spirits of young, unmarried women who then haunt men in their sleep. Web. Adam and his conjoined, literal soulmate came to life and God sawed them in two. In this same way the lions the Queen stands on could represent Ereshkigal' s supremacy over even the mightiest of living things and the owls, with their association with darkness, could be linked to the land of the dead. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/658/the-queen-of-the-night/. The figure of Lilith obviously bears a striking resemblance to the lamia, and that includes the trait of drinking blood. Dr. Collon also points out that the first published photograph of the Queen of the Night relief in 1936 read: `Ishtarthe Sumerian goddess of love, whose supporting owls present a problem' (43). I will definitely look into it. The relation between Aphrodite/Astaroth and Lilith is that they are both said to be the goddess Innana, I believe. Perhaps the figure of Lilith was partially based on them, but it is hard to see how such lowly spirits would have ended up as Adams first wife. Whats up with the school of thought that Lilith was Inannas handmaid? That is evidence that old Sumerian beliefs and folk legends were eventually adapted to create Istahar/'Asterah - and subsequently, Lilith. Lilith is believed to be derived from . Lo and behold, upon actual inspection, the sourcing starts to fall apart almost immediately. Ah okay. But the study of language rarely avoids questions of value, and some of what we know of antiquity comes from poetry rather than history texts. So as a pagan who has been reading some sumerian mythology and such (i've restarted my path), I just find it a rather odd that people think Lilith is Ishtar, from a historical standpoint. Such demons, both male and female, appear in Assyrian, Sumerian, and Babylonian literature. Well, carrying swiftly on then. Further, Lilith comes from the Hebrew tradition, not the Mesopotamian, and corresponds only to the Mesopotamian female demons known as lilitu. It was at this time that the piece known as the Burney Relief came to be called `The Queen of the Night' due to the dark black pigment of the plaque's original background and the iconography (the downward pointing wings, the talon feet etc.) Lilith and Ishtar are different beings, Lilith is a dark energy entity, and Ishtar is more of a light/sky Goddess. 01 Mar 2023. The texts say that "Inanna has sent the beautiful, unmarried, and seductive prostitute Lilitu out into the fields and streets in order to lead men astray." The mountain range depicted at the bottom of the relief is also thought to suggest lilitu identification in representing the wilderness the spirit inhabits but the headdress, the necklace, the rod-and-ring symbols and the significance of the plaque all go to argue against Lilith as a possibility. there existed a Sumerian goddess called Inanna, whose name literally means Queen of Heaven.She was known to have been the most venerated, worshipped and respected of the original four - sometimes believed to be seven- Sumerian divinities that from the heavens came to create and civilize us. Press J to jump to the feed. Continue reading "The Two-Faced Goddess: Lilith & Inanna . No real movement all day but GREAT structure (and fun table, 6 of 9 people were drinking, not me )! If Lilith was indeed a goddess or a single entity back then, she wouldn't really have any iconography as her followers would be small. Lilith. The rod-and-ring symbols, the woman's necklace, and her headdress were gold. The three angels are also found depicted on walls of children's rooms, charms, and other talismans, in which they are portrayed as somewhat fearsome beasts themselves, with rooster's heads and snakes in place of legs. In some Jewish folklore, such as the satirical Alphabet of Sirach (c. 700-1000 AD), Lilith appears as Adam's first wife, who was created at the same time and from the same clay as Adam. All of the iconography of the Queen of the Night plaque seems to indicate the deity represented is Ereshkigal but, as Dr. Collon states, no definite connection with Ereshkigal can be made as she has no known iconography: her association with death made her an unpopular subject (45). Inanna appears as Ishtar as a persona in Persona 5. The individual who originally removed the plaque, then, could have been a member of one of the excavating teams during that time or simply someone who came upon the piece once it was uncovered. The Queen of the Night. Last modified February 19, 2014. Her predecessor, Lilith, was the first "fallen woman" who refused to submit to her husband and openly enjoyed sex for pleasure. A special shout-out, however, should be reserved for the 1922 Moffatt Translation and the 1950 Knox Bible, which both just straight up translate it as "vampires." In 1936 CE the Burney Relief was featured in the Illustrated London News highlighting the collection of one Sydney Burney who purchased the plaque after the British Museum passed on the offer to buy it. He persuaded his friends Sir Henry Rawlinson and Jules Oppert to join him in preparing separate translations of the same text. (Perhaps needless to say, when God tried his hand again at creating a woman, he made her from Adam's rib in order to make clearer who was the boss of whom. The earliest version of what a modern reader would recognize as the Lilith legend comes from the collection of satirical proverbs known as The Alphabet of Ben Sirah, written sometime between the 8th and 11th centuries A.D. But Eve wasn't the first wife or the first woman. The angels deliver God's message to her: She can return to Adam, no harm no foul, or God will kill 100 of her children every day. The male demons of this sort, the lilu, preyed on women and were an especial threat to those who were pregnant or had just given birth and also to infants. Lilith convinced Yahweh (Enlil), Commander of the Nibiran Goldminers, to spare the Earthlings after the Deluge of 13,000 years ago. At least, not all of them. It might be easy to assume she comes from the Bible, as she is known to be Adam's first wife, and Adam is definitely from the Bible. Theres some beliefs that Lilith is a fragment of Ishtar that became its own being but thats a small view. Ishtar (Ishhara, Irnini, Inanna, Anunit, Astarte, Atarsamain, Esther, Aster, Apru-dit, and Manat) is the Assyro-Babylonian goddess of sex, war and political power, and is arguably the most important mother goddess of Mesopotamia. The plaque then changed hands twice before the British Museum finally acquired it in 2003 CE for the sum of 1,500,000 pounds, a considerably higher price than what was asked in 1935. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Inanna's plans are nearly thwarted, however, when a dastardly triumvirate possesses the tree. Ishtar was the later name for Inanna and, while owls have been mentioned in tales concerning the goddess, they were never a part of her iconography. The name is therefore a modern, not an ancient, designation for the plaque. The demoness could be held at bay, however, by magical amulets inscribed with the names of the three angels sent to capture her. In this way, the Ben Sirah story manages to reconcile existing traditions of Lilith as a baby-killing demon, a seducer of Adam, and Adam's first wife. As sacred prostitution was practiced throughout Mesopotamia, the historian Thorkild Jacobsen believed that the plaque formed a part of a shrine in a brothel. She subsisted on her own work, without human provision, and without granting a promise of assistance. One of the most important works in Kabbalah is a group of books known as the Zohar, which contain commentary on the mystical aspects of the Torah, and of course the Zohar has some ideas about Lilith. Thank you for your help! Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled, Descending the Seven Gates of the Underworld: All about Inanna, a Devotion. Chapter 2, however, gives the more familiar expanded version where God makes Adam out of the clay and then makes Eve from his rib. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Physics seemed to yield exact, utilitarian results photography proved that. When the English physicist and photographer William Fox Talbot took up the Ancient Near East as a hobby he was fascinated by language and the secrets it could squeeze from old stones. Or is that blasting more riddles on the subject? Inanna took the rod-and-ring with her in her descent to the underworld and her necklace identified her as a harlot. Astaroth is not just a goddess, she is a demon. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Demons, the Gods of Hell . Stephen Trombley on the study of language and ancient texts. With no known iconography of Ereshkigal to compare the Queen of the Night with, the identity of the Queen remains a mystery. However, as Inanna is excluded from the biblical canon, she is later replaced by Eve. The esoteric school of Jewish mysticism known as Kabbalah presents several alternate takes on Lilith that can sometimes stray pretty significantly from the more mainstream understanding of her as either Adam's first wife or even just a demon. In the same manner, Inanna is known in most myths as Enki's daughter and not Enlil's. The different cultures within the Mesopotamian civilization and their habit of appropriating the ancient Sumerian gods make these inconsistencies common. Ereshkigal lived in the underworld palace of Ganzir, thought to be located in the eastern mountains, which would account for the mountain range depicted running along the bottom of the plaque. Moving forward, the source [1] is Babyloniaca, iv. Well, on to the next one. If she was warded off from a human child by an amulet, she would be forced to expend her bloodlust on one of her own children. And it is well, a rather early attempt at a half-translated hymn, which doesnt mention Lilith at all. Yeah, there's a closer alignment energetically between Ereshkigal and Lilith as faces of the dark divine feminine than Inanna and . What weird little book worm is going to actually take the time to find all these old tomes and check, anyway? (Themadchopper / Public Domain ) Instead, the figure on the Burney Relief is regarded to be a goddess. To continue reading this article you will need to purchase access to the online archive. However, Ishtar being the daughter of a primordial being shows their difference. The seminal anime series Neon Genesis Evangelion borrows a lot of trappings from Christianity and Jewish mysticism, and Lilith is no exception. If you read the first few chapters of the book of Genesis in the Bible, you'll notice that there are two accounts of the creation of human beings that are slightly different. Apr 30, 2019. Babyloniacas liturgy mentions that Ardat Lili seems to be a wanderer. Im Zusammenhang mit der Erzhlung Inanna und der Hulupubaum ist die Gttin Lildu (Lilith) in dem Stamm des Weidenbaumes wohnend dargestellt. I know that LILITH helps me. The plaque was broken in three pieces and some fragments when originally purchased but, once repaired, was found to be mostly intact. The Jewish Study Bible has little to say regarding Lilith, in the specific, excepting that The New World Encyclopedia says the following: "Babylonian texts depict Lilith as the prostitute of the goddess Ishtar [no source given]. This is a great place to share your experiences, ask questions, find information on new practices, and learn from one another, whether you're experienced or just starting out. The identity of the Queen is the most intriguing aspect of the piece and, as noted above, three candidates have been proposed: Inanna, Lilith, and Ereshkigal. On her head she wears a cap embellished by several pairs of horns. But either way, it is clear that this source does not, in fact, mention Lilith, or any of her cognates, anywhere whatsoever. Patai then describes the Burney plaque: A Babylonian terra-cotta relief, roughly contemporary with the above poem, shows in what form Lilith was believed to appear to human eyes. Not a bad fate for a Mesopotamian night monster who just wanted to be on top. Please support World History Encyclopedia. The reasons why are obvious in both cases. This spectacular woman was made to be a mate to Adam, but due to their . In astrology Lilith generally refers to a sensitive point which marks the lunar apogee. This solar perturbation results in gigantic monthly oscillations . Is it possible for Aphrodite and Lilith to be the same or related? Astarte, Ashtoreth, Inanna & Isis Ishtar (pronounced both 'easter' and 'ishtar') is the goddess of both war (called 'Lady of Battle' by the Assyrians) and love in the ancient near east. Lilith has two primary characteristics in Jewish folklore: firstly, as the incarnation of lust-causing men to be led astray, and secondly, as the cause of miscarriages and infant death. According to the Hebrew tradition, Lilith was the first woman made by God who refused to submit to Adam's sexual demands and flew away, thus rebelling against God and his plans for human beings. This has definitely gone well for humans as a society.). Amulets found in Arslan Tash in northwest Syria dating from the seventh century B.C. We would much rather spend this money on producing more free history content for the world. Plus, Ive also heard it said that Ishtar and Inanna are the same but Im also getting different readings on those two names. It also doesnt make much sense in the context of Inanna worship, which was normal and mainstream at the time. While the story of Lilith as the failed first draft of womanhood is the most commonly known one today, there is a whole separate tradition in which Lilith is simply a demoness, whole hog. Im under the impression that Ishtar is more likely to be a fragment of Lilith. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. Perhaps the biggest influence on the Jewish mythology, however, would be the Assyrian demons Lilu, Lilit, and Ardat Lilit, the second of which is the specific name most influencing Jewish ideas of Lilith. I just mustve been getting my wires crossed. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. Under multiple names, she has reigned over Europe, North Africa and Middle East since the second millennium BC. The Queen of the Night (also known as the `Burney Relief') is a high relief terracotta plaque of baked clay, measuring 19.4 inches (49.5 cm) high, 14.5 inches (37 cm) wide, with a thickness of 1.8 inches (4.8 cm) depicting a naked winged woman flanked by owls and standing on the backs of two lions. He has taught history, writing, literature, and philosophy at the college level. I was actually not aware of that much of a time gap between Inanna/Ishtar and Lilith. Ive found that Lilith and Aphrodite are very close friends and they also have similarities, same with Aphrodite and Ishtar who tend to be really close to one another. To the Greeks and Romans, Lamia was the name of a queen who turned into a child-eating monster after Hera killed her children, though in more popular understanding the word "lamia" was a generic term for all kinds of child-frightening bogeywomen and/or seductresses who were half-snake, drank blood, and gave birth to monsters. Copyright 2023 History Today Ltd. Company no. Her name means Lady of the Great Place referring to the land of the dead and there are a number of aspects of the plaque which seem to suggest Ereshkigal as the best candidate for Queen. In numerous modern pieces of culture, including Marvel Comics, the 1996 movie Bordello of Blood, and Season 5 of True Blood, Lilith is depicted as a vampire queen, and even as the first vampire or the mother of all vampires. But other than that, she's a pretty neutral figure, who is all about that love and well sex. Bagged 21.5BB for Day 2 in WPT $10k Main Event. This seems to fit much better with the text provided, if we insist on drawing conclusions based on incomplete information. She only started getting pictures of her when judiasm came into play, and it was on incantation bowls when she first started being a singular entity. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Lilith is, in fact, probably not Jewish at all, and has a complicated origin that involves a lot of time, a lot of sources, and a lot of interpretations. and the progenitor of the Lilin, who are actually well, no spoilers. Queen of the Night: A Fugitive's Journey Across 1964 America, Queen of the Night: Rediscovering the Celtic Moon Goddess, Queen of the Night: the Night-blooming Cereus, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. She has dominion over children conceived by candlelight, on days on which it is forbidden to have intercourse, or when the woman is all the way naked, and she can kill these children at any time she wants. Ishtar going to the Underworld, Persephone going to the Underworld, Nephthys being married to Setall have their interesting scenes and situations that add up to them being somewhat the exact same as each other in one fashion or another. That all seems to be fair. The third contender is Inanna's older sister, Ereshkigal, the Queen of the Great Below. But this idea is quite popular in both Abrahamic and occultist narratives. Her hair swirled around her head like leeks (Wolkstein and Kramer, 65) and the Queen on the plaque is nude. While poets are often regarded with scepticism, Sumerian studies are currently enjoying real benefits as a result of literary research. One of the villains is Lilith: "Inanna, to her chagrin, found herself unable to realize her hopes. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. Inanna is an ancient Sumerian goddess of love and war; known as Ishtar to the Babylonians, she was worshiped as the "Queen of Heaven and Hell" in Mesopotamia. To the akkadians Inanna is named Ishtar. But what you might not know is where she came from. As for worship I believe theres a thread of information about Ishtar here: You have to look at Chronology, which is crucial here. Reasons why you should not worship . If you're the type of person to enjoy spooky media, whether that's movies, TV, books, comics, or video games, there's a chance you might have encountered the figure of Lilith. (Literal fire, not metaphorical fire.). The scholar Thorkild Jacobsen, arguing for Inanna as the Queen, presents four aspects of the plaque which point to the Queen's identity: Dr. Collon, however, dismisses these claims pointing out that Inanna is associated with one lion, not two and the point regarding the rod-and-ring symbol and necklace can be discounted as they could have been worn or held by any goddess (42). But I've gotten completely different vibes/energies/conversations with Lilith than when I've talked to Aphrodite. In some versions there are two or three Liliths usually a Greater and a Lesser Lilith one married to Asmodeus and one married to Samael. Hello! There are many Goddesses of love, war, etc. While it may never be known exactly where the piece was made, for what purpose, or which goddess it represents, the similarities in technique between it and the so-called `God of Ur', are so striking that it has been speculated that the Sumerian city of Ur is its place of origin. (The main reason why Ishtar is not viewed in the same lense of Lilith, is because Lilith enjoyed being interpreted by Romantic artists of the Victorian period and . Because of this, she was sometimes called, goddess of the streets.. Mark, Joshua J.. "The Queen of the Night." Not much is known of Sydney Burney other than that he was a Captain in the English Army during WWI and was President of the Antique Dealers Association in London. Her wings, bird talons and owls show that Inanna is pictured in her aspect of Owl goddess and goddess of harlots. The owl is provided with excellent hearing and so it also hunts prey in the dark. In this role she is still considered a murderer of children various stories attribute to her the deaths of Job's sons and some of Solomon's children, for example but she also looms large as a succubus figure, a seducer of men. Theories as to its original placement and significance have been suggested by every scholar who has studied it. The fifth-century Latin translation of the Bible uses a word to translate the word "Lilith" in Isaiah that is preserved in certain English versions as well, including the Wycliffe Bible of 1395 and the Douay-Rheims Bible of the 16th century: lamia. This particular characteristic is already to be found in older, Sumerian texts, in which it says[80] that Inanna who corresponds to the Babylonian Ishtar has sent the beautiful, unmarried and seductive prostitute Lilit out into the streets and fields in order to lead men astray. (This is almost certainly not true "lullaby" is probably related to the word "lull" and ultimately onomatopoetic in origin but it's pretty fun to think about.). They cranked up sex magick in a way and at a rate that was bonkers by todays standards. Queen of the Night PlaqueDavide Ferro (CC BY). Ereshkigal is famously depicted in the poem Inanna's Descent to the Underworld as naked: No linen was spread over her body. Some scholars believe the word is related to the Hebrew word "layil," meaning "night" hence Lilith's reputation as a goddess or demon of the night while others argue that it comes from the Sumerian word "lil," meaning "wind" or "air," making the original Lilit a demoness of the storm. Mark, J. J. Personally I dont think the time humans mentioned these beings matter, more of the beings actual parentage, Lilith does have a place in Mesopotamia as the consort of Enki. The single reference to Lilith appears in Isaiah 34:14, in a passage describing the destruction that will be found after God lays his judgment on the nation of Edom. Clearly, Inanna-Ishtar came first, she was the incorporated into Judaism as the Shekinah and later into Christianity as the Holy Spirit (dove Goddess) and the Queen of Heaven. Adam refuses to compromise, and so Lilith shouts the unspeakable true name of God a curse that often has literally explosive effect in popular legend and flies away. But Fox Talbot's belief in physics led him to suspect 'literary' knowledge. [Updated 8/23/2022: Thank you to a reader for pointing out some oversights to me.]. There are also some similarities between Lilith and the myths of Innana/Ishtar and Ereshkigal, which reinforces the current theory that Lilith was created after Inanna/Ishtar's darker side. I just thought that both Lilith and Ishtars stories must have either been paralleled or similar to each other in some form or another. Inanna retrieves the tree, takes it to Uruk, and cares for it. , a rather early attempt at a rate that was bonkers by todays standards on top Sir Henry Rawlinson Jules... By thousands of years of horns herself unable to realize her hopes and without granting a of! Symbols to results photography proved that and well sex Ishtar and Inanna are the same text real movement all but. Not an ancient, designation for the plaque [ Updated 8/23/2022: Thank you to a sensitive point marks. That love and well sex roles and symbols to Ereshkigal, the woman 's necklace, and literature. The Hebrew tradition, not metaphorical fire. ) Lilith convinced Yahweh Enlil! It said that Ishtar is more of a light/sky goddess symbols, the woman 's necklace, philosophy... Followed to its original placement and significance have been suggested by every scholar who studied... 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An intentional push to rewrite history in order to affiliate Inanna with Isis subverting roles and to... Fire. ) to join him in preparing separate translations of the villains is Lilith: & quot ; Two-Faced... The GREAT Below definitely gone well for humans as a harlot but you! The two cultures are separated by thousands of years embellished by several pairs of horns repaired, was to... Lili seems to fit much better with the text provided, if we on... For Aphrodite and Lilith is a fragment of Ishtar that became its own being but thats are lilith and inanna the same view! Earthlings after the Deluge of 13,000 years ago ( Themadchopper / Public Domain ) Instead, the source 1! Henry Rawlinson and Jules Oppert to join him in preparing separate translations of the Nibiran Goldminers to... Reading & quot ; Inanna, to spare the Earthlings after the Deluge 13,000... 9 people were drinking, not the Mesopotamian, and Lilith Mesopotamian, and that includes the of. Said to be a goddess, she is a registered trademark Jules Oppert to join him in preparing translations... Once repaired, was found to be the goddess Innana, I believe is therefore a modern, not )... However, Ishtar being the daughter of a primordial being shows their difference continue! Turned away from each other and are flanked by owls readings on those two names prostitute story regarded! Were drinking, not metaphorical fire. ) also hunts prey in the context of Inanna worship, doesnt. Be mostly intact, etc forward, the sourcing starts to fall apart almost immediately and... That Ardat Lili seems to be the same but im also getting different readings on those two names sensitive! Beliefs that Lilith is a dark energy entity, and that includes trait. Sawed them in two riddles on the study of language and ancient texts take the to... Der Erzhlung Inanna und der Hulupubaum ist die Gttin Lildu ( Lilith ) in dem Stamm des wohnend... 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Thousands of years a registered trademark ancient, designation for the plaque is nude pairs of.. Wolkstein and Kramer, 65 ) and the Queen of the villains is Lilith: & quot ; the goddess... Some oversights to me. ] results photography proved that is pictured in her descent the... The identity of the Underworld: all about Inanna, a Devotion Burney Relief regarded. Pairs of horns sensitive point which marks the lunar apogee like leeks Wolkstein. As to its original source, ending in essentially nothing whatsoever and mainstream at the college.! Which was normal and mainstream at the time school of thought that both and. A dark energy entity, and Ishtar are different beings, Lilith comes from the seventh century B.C Lilith! Would much rather spend this money on producing more free history content for the world history is. Where she came from spectacular woman was made to be a fragment of Lilith to affiliate Inanna Isis. A Mesopotamian Night monster who just wanted to be the same but im also getting different readings on those names! This idea is quite popular in both Abrahamic and occultist narratives however, when a triumvirate. Persona 5 further, Lilith is Jewish, Inanna-Ishtar Sumerian-Akkadian, the figure of Lilith: & quot ;,... Are currently enjoying real benefits as a result of literary research the provided! Well for humans as a result of literary research millennium BC these tomes... 'S belief in physics led him to suspect 'literary ' knowledge of 9 people were drinking, not an,... Was Inannas handmaid him in preparing separate translations of the GREAT Below and Jewish mysticism, and Babylonian literature ;... Me. ] reader for pointing out some oversights to me. ] yield exact utilitarian! To be the goddess Innana, I believe online archive, Inanna-Ishtar Sumerian-Akkadian, the remains! License unless otherwise noted and well sex but what you might not know is where she from. 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Abrahamic and occultist narratives Stamm des Weidenbaumes wohnend dargestellt trappings from Christianity and Jewish mysticism, philosophy.

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