/Kids [92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R] /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << 58 0 obj How do I view content? /TT2 121 0 R 105 0 obj << /TT2 231 0 R >> /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /PageElement << /Title /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 An Act to amend the law relating to education. >> /TT0 120 0 R Young people want the kudos of entering a profession which is valued by their peers. /Type /Page /Resources << /TT3 159 0 R >> /Contents 225 0 R /Parent 12 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT1 226 0 R /Type /Page /Contents 280 0 R /Resources << /Type /Page endobj This is the act which more than any other has shaped the modern education system. /Properties << Approximately . endobj The result of this was that some schools became oversubscribed, and these were allowed to select pupils according to certain criteria. /Parent 16 0 R << /StructParents 6 /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << /Usage << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << 54 0 obj /StructParents 34 44 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /Contents 251 0 R /Properties << 0000000994 00000 n << /Name (HeaderFooter) /Font << >> /Type /Pages /TT2 226 0 R /Rotate 0 112 0 obj /PieceInfo << 0000002006 00000 n The New Rights 1988 Education Reform Act put in place the policies which aimed to achieve the goal of raising standards. >> 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R] /Font << /Contents 265 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Private schools have always operated on these principles they charge fees and compete with each other for customers. /Resources << endobj /Rotate 0 /Kids [72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R] /Properties << Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below: If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. /Type /Page endobj This post has primarily been written forstudents of A-level sociology who are studying the education module in their first year. endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Rotate 0 /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT1 226 0 R /Type /Page /TT1 121 0 R Where did all the GCSE pupils go and why has no one noticed? It is usually the benefits of education that are extolled from time to time and there is much strength in that argument since the one thing that separates man from animals is the ability to advance knowledge and expertise from . The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. /Type /Page /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R 4.5 / 5 based on 2 ratings? /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << << /Type /Page /Kids [42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R] /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 Over the following pages, three people who were directly involved . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] xref /EmbeddedFiles 20 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Pages Information in this post was derived from a selection of the main A-level sociology text books. >> /Kids [82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R] /Contents 248 0 R Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? /ExtGState << >> /Title /GS0 125 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 85 97 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 286 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 31 0 obj /Contents 264 0 R Which type of school you ended up attending was decided by the 11+ examination, as ever this process had its advantages as well as its disadvantages: Advantages the brightest 15% - 20% went to grammar schools meaning >> >> >> /TT1 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Font << /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /TT0 120 0 R /Font << << endobj /Type /Page endobj /TT1 121 0 R Students might also be interested in this summary of all education policies (up to 2010). /StructTreeRoot null /Rotate 0 /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] For example, if a school is guaranteed the 500 local children will attend their school their would be minimal competition between schools i.e. >> Maclure, S. 1988. /GS0 125 0 R >> >> << >> /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R >> endobj << /StructParents 2 /TT0 120 0 R /Font << << << /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R endobj /Rotate 0 This thesis reports on research that explored the impact of the Education Reform Act (ERA) (1988) on the provision of Physical Education (PE) and sport in state schools within one Local Education Authority (LEA) in England. /Type /Pages /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 245 0 R /Contents 262 0 R /Contents 274 0 R /Contents 246 0 R And Phillipss school, Lilian Baylis Technology School, in Lambeth, south London, would appear to exemplify the benefits of this approach to public services. 0000032161 00000 n /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R The 1988 Education Reform Act was based on the principles of making schools more competitive (marketisation) and giving parents choice (parentocracy). GCSEs and SATs were also introduced as part of the National Curriculum. /GS0 125 0 R 64 0 obj 38 0 obj /StructParents 44 /StructParents 89 Societies with high rates of education completion have lower crime, better overall health, and civic involvement. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] It is the most significant policy that students need to be able to understand and evaluate within the education module for A-level sociology. >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page >> >> /Parent 13 0 R /StructParents 63 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> << /Marked true /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R endobj >> /StructParents 43 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] ReviseSociologySociology Revision Resources for SaleExams, Essays and Short Answer QuestionsIntroFamilies and HouseholdsEducationResearch MethodsSociological TheoriesBeliefs in SocietyMediaGlobalisation and Global DevelopmentCrime and DevianceKey ConceptsAboutPrivacy PolicyHome. endobj endobj /ExtGState << /Contents 305 0 R /GS0 125 0 R << /Rotate 0 It has significantly influenced the policies of the UK Conservative Party and is a set of political beliefs about how the country should be run. /Parent 9 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /StructParents 73 The view that the 1988 Education Reform Act is influential in terms of controlling and progressing schools further could be seen as decisive, one reason being it could be a means of achieving control of the curriculum and the assessment, enabling them to progress and monitor there spending control, as well as the rise in the standards of school in terms of the competition and choice. /Title (The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences ) >> /Rotate 0 %%EOF /Properties << /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 289 0 R >> >> >> /Resources << >> /StructParents 28 /Parent 11 0 R /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /StructParents 72 << In that situation, the children of the poor are most likely to suffer.. >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Parent 15 0 R The article highlights a number of inherent contradictions in the Strategy and argues that the central proposals of choice and diversity are unlikely to reduce the gap between disadvantage and . Children can go to school with their childhood friends. endobj endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Type /Page endobj >> (Read Arne Duncan's Britannica essay on "Education: The Great Equalizer.") ERIC is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education. >> 0 He has led efforts to improve public education as a teacher, principal, researcher, and advocate for 30 years. /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 endobj >> /GS0 125 0 R >> >> >> /Rotate 0 >> /TT1 226 0 R /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 29 /Properties << /GS0 125 0 R Did the schools market deliver?, which looks back at the 30 years since the passage of the 1988 act. Just a note: pretty sure Ofsted was formed under the Education (Schools) Act in 1992 so technically not included in the ERA in 1988. so helpful for my sociology revision! /Resources << 2. >> But performance measures (such as the new Progress 8) have now become impenetrable to most parents so may not even be helpful for exercising choice. >> /Type /Page >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 17 0 R >> >> /Parent 13 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 37 Gage, N.L. /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << /Parent 9 0 R /XObject << /TT1 121 0 R >> >> /Font << /StructParents 9 /Contents 256 0 R /ExtGState << >> /Parent 17 0 R << /Parent 9 0 R /Resources << >> /Font << /Type /Page >> /ExtGState << >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 276 0 R /Font << /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R Thus an undersubscribed school where fewer parents chose to send their children would decrease in size and possibly close, while an oversubscribed school could, if properly managed, expand. endobj Better local oversight of schools and stronger incentives for local collaboration, rather than national chains cherry picking little groups of schools, would be Phillips priorities. /TT1 121 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page /Contents 227 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R << endobj /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R >> 1. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 102 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj >> /ExtGState << >> >> /Properties << /Resources << /Count 10 The debate on traditional Chinese characters and simplified Chinese characters is an ongoing dispute concerning Chinese orthography among users of Chinese characters. /Font << /StructParents 22 >> << >> 8 0 obj << New education providers, in the form of academy trusts, are a reality in most communities. >> 93 0 obj Education Reformed: A Guide to the Education Reform Act . The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences Tuomo Ruotanen << >> One advantage of standardized testing is that the results of such tests are empirically useful in terms of a large scale. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << >> /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 5 /Parent 15 0 R /Resources << /LetterspaceFlags 0 /ExtGState << The aim of OFSTED is to drive up standards. /TT1 121 0 R /MC0 129 0 R However, in recent years, some schools have discontinued their multiage programs due to the grade-level standards and testing requirements imposed by the No Child Left Behind Act and most states' accountability laws. 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R Hi do you have the name of the textbook this information was from as I need to reference for my assignmentthanks . /Rotate 0 /StructParents 86 /Rotate 0 << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /TT1 226 0 R /TT1 121 0 R >> /ExtGState << 45 0 obj 0000003223 00000 n >> 36 0 obj /Properties << Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page The following overview of the evolution of ESEA and federal standards-based education reform policy is presented to contextualize ESSA and help inform how states respond to the new law. /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 56 /ExtGState << /Prev 308 0 R Schools see middle class students as easy to teach and likely to perform well. /Type /Page Prior to the 1980s it was the Local Education Authorities which allocated pupils to schools in their local areas, and it was the Local Education Authorities which decided school numbers. 69 0 obj Phillips, who seriously considered academy conversion for his school but decided to stay within Lambeth local authority, believes the innovative instincts behind the early academies have evaporated in the rush for mass academisation. /TT2 121 0 R /Type /Page /Contents 283 0 R >> >> >> /ExtGState << (NB another aim of the New Right in education was to ensure that education equipped children with the skills for work, thus contributing to economic growth). Some parts of the country, recently categorised in 12 new government-designated opportunity areas, appear stubbornly resistant to every policy initiative of the past 30 years. /Type /Page /Type /Page /Properties << /Type /Page /TT1 121 0 R >> >> Teachers must present materials in different ways so that all of the students with different learning styles can understand the material. >> /TT1 159 0 R >> >> My own conclusions for what is needed now include reform of school admissions and a broader definition of what we mean by success, one that goes beyond simple test and exam results. >> >> /Parent 16 0 R /StructParents 27 /Parent 2 0 R The act was introduced by the New Right and this post starts off by exploring their ideas about education and then covers the specific details of the act itself, before evaluating the impact of 1988 Education Act. The advantages and disadvantages of education although seemingly quite clear can be explored to quite a detailed level. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 7 0 obj endobj /Rotate 0 /C2_0 232 0 R /Resources << /Font << Back in 1988 these League Tables were only available as government publications and in schools prospectuses, but obviously today these have evolved so that they are now searchable for any school online!League Tables today, accessible online! << /TT2 226 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /Font << 0000000016 00000 n >> /Last 114 0 R /StructParents 36 endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 68 /StructParents 52 >> /Contents 270 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The Affordable Care Act has garnered a lot of debate since its implementation in 2010.The market continues to change as the healthcare reform debate continues. endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 9 0 R /Properties << /ExtGState << /MC0 129 0 R >> >> /Properties << 0000003188 00000 n /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /StructParents 20 experience they had of the education reform. >> /Font << /Font << 99 0 obj >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Both brought with them changes that are . Education Reform Act 1988. /MC0 129 0 R /TT2 121 0 R endobj /Contents 221 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /TT3 121 0 R >> endobj 18 0 obj 0000052072 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Prior to 1988 Local Education Authorities still had control over the education budgets for counties and they did not necessarily allocated funding to schools based on pupil numbers. 190 0 R 191 0 R] /Type /Page /Title /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Theoretical shortcomings of the thesis are identified, and a reformulated version is suggested which incorporates resistances into the analysis of the education system. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The 1988 Education Reform Act introduced a National Curriculum, which was a return to traditional subjects similar to the old Grammar school Model. 3 0 obj >> >> /StructParents 47 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] A bit like What car? magazine, but for schools. /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 19 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page 4 The agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs. /Rotate 0 More accountability provided a great opportunity for my generation of school leaders to prove ourselves and the national curriculum was right because it reduced inequality, even if it has been undermined by academy freedoms. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 35 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << endobj /Parent 15 0 R 117 0 obj 33 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Appointed President of the Board of Education in 1941, Richard 'Rab' Butler passed an Education Act in 1944, promising 'Secondary Education for All'. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Title /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /TT3 121 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Properties << /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << Thirty years ago, a single piece of legislation transformed the schools landscape, launching a national curriculum and key-stage testing, and devolving power from local authorities to heads. >> 94 0 obj /StructParents 69 /Rotate 0 /StructParents 33 endobj Finally, the principle of competition has been applied internationally, in the form of the PISA league tables. >> /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R Education Reform Act (Pardini, 2005). /GS0 125 0 R << /Font << /Resources << /ExtGState << /ExtGState << >> /MC0 129 0 R 5 0 obj /Contents 261 0 R >> >> /Parent 13 0 R >> >> /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << >> Students will usually move on to study New Labors Education policies after this one. But that would require great political leadership now, says Gary Phillips. /MC0 129 0 R >> /ExtGState << The education received throughout a childhood determines how the future will be for the new generation. 0000001551 00000 n endobj /ExtGState << 59 0 obj /StructParents 65 The logic behind league tables was that with all schools following the same curriculum it made it easier for parents to compare and choose between schools (parentocracy), and GCSE and SATs meant every student, and more importantly, every school was assessed using the same type of exam. /MC0 129 0 R /Kids [116 0 R] /Properties << The Middle Classes have more effective choice because of their higher incomes, The Middle classes have more effective choice because of their greater cultural and social capital, Schools become more selective they are more likely to want pupils who are likely to do well. 65 0 obj >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Broadening and Reinforcing the Benefits of Land Reform in the Philippines 1 Excludes DAR utilization of Fund 101. >> /TT2 159 0 R /Resources << /Dest [24 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] >> /Font << /Names [ 309 0 R] /StructParents 62 There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. /ExtGState << /Properties << >> /Parent 16 0 R /Resources << /Parent 16 0 R >> /Type /Page >> In addition, locally determined /TT2 159 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /C2_0 232 0 R endobj /Type /Page /Parent 16 0 R /Properties << endobj << /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) /Font << Established in 1993, OFSTED is the government organisation that inspects schools. /Dest [108 0 R /XYZ 0 697 null] /Properties << The Education Reform Act of 1988 gave the government the authority to control the programme of study at schools and established a . /TT2 226 0 R >> /Font << /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 226 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 61 0 obj /Rotate 0 0000003916 00000 n >> >> 19 0 obj /F5 124 0 R /Properties << /Contents 235 0 R endobj >> endobj /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 12 0 R << /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /TT2 121 0 R Inequality of Education Opportunity increases the best schools get better and the worst get worse. /ExtGState << /Font << 0000006512 00000 n endobj >> [29th July 1988] BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:- . >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << The Obama administration would like to provide national education standards that all states would be required to follow, according to a report on VOANews.com.These national standards would offer continuity in education throughout the country and help students compete more effectively in a global economy, according to proponents of . >> From 1988 all schools were required to teach the core subjects English, Maths, Science etc at GCSE level. >> 90 0 obj <>stream This is achieved through making schools compete with one another for pupils and government funding, in the same way in which businesses compete with each other for customers, sales and profits. And also there are some advantages the society and the economy can get from the k-12 program such as: The economy will experience accelerated growth in the long run. Registered in England & Wales No. endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 6.0 \(Windows\)) Intake and its social class still influences how some parents make their choices and these subtle forces influence selection.. >> /StructParents 19 >> /Type /Page endobj The Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted) was formed under the Education (Schools) Act 1992, as part of the major overhaul and centralisation of the school system begun by the Education Reform Act 1988, which introduced the National Curriculum, extensive testing in schools and the publication of league tables. /StructParents 11 /Properties << << /Type /Page << /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << /Font << /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. /TT1 226 0 R /Resources << /Count 10 << /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << 101 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Free schools are all-ability state-funded schools set up in response to what local people say they want and need in order to improve education for children in their community. >> 0000017863 00000 n /MC0 129 0 R /PageLabels 5 0 R 11 0 obj >> /StructParents 38 /Properties << >> Pros Explained. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Students who go to sink schools stand little hope of doing well. /Properties << /Properties << /Contents 244 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Font << Also, just because powerful governments have expanded marketisation on a global scale, this doesnt necessarily mean it works for everyone, and there are plenty of criticisms of the negative consequences of the 1988 Education Act as below, Below I summarize EIGHT criticisms of the 1988 Education Act, Concern has been expressed over the harmful effects of over-testing on pupils, especially younger pupils. /TT2 226 0 R School vouchers give families a greater level of flexibility. /ModDate (D:20040618121405+03'00') /Properties << >> /Type /Page /ExtGState << << /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 60 /Font << endobj /Resources << /Contents 277 0 R /Type /Page /Properties << /Properties << >> /Parent 9 0 R /TT1 121 0 R endobj >> /Parent 15 0 R << >> /ExtGState << >> << /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 >> << << 81 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R endobj /Font << << /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 255 0 R << >> /TT0 120 0 R Several studies have shown that the improvements in the quality of education will increase GDP growth . /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R Stories of poor financial management, even corrupt practices, in the independent state school sector persist. endobj Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: School of Education, Boston College , Chestnut Hill , MA 02167 , USA, /doi/epdf/10.1080/0969594970040207?needAccess=true, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. 91 0 obj /TT2 121 0 R /Font << /TT1 121 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << >> /Parent 10 0 R << >> /Resources << << /TT2 159 0 R /Im1 126 0 R When Phillips took over at Lilian Baylis in the late 1990s, the school was in the doldrums. >> >> /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 12 0 R /Contents 219 0 R /GS0 125 0 R 2 0 obj >> >> /Rotate 0 Their importance is reinforced by their place in the new inspection framework for schools which derives its . /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /MC0 129 0 R >> Thirty years on we may be ready for another all-encompassing Education Reform Act. >> /ExtGState << >> >> /Resources << >> >> /RBGroups [] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Next 112 0 R /Parent 17 0 R /TT0 120 0 R endobj education, discipline that is concerned with methods of teaching and learning in schools or school-like environments as opposed to various nonformal and informal means of socialization (e.g., rural development projects and education through parent-child relationships). /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R >> endobj /Properties << >> /Properties << endobj /StructParents 79 >> /Type /Page /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 2 0 R /Parent 9 0 R /Count 2 /Resources << /Contents 279 0 R NAFTA has six main advantages, according to a Congressional Research Service report prepared in 2017. /Properties << /ExtGState << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page /Contents 128 0 R /Parent 16 0 R >> /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Contents 131 0 R << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /Parent 13 0 R /Type /Page >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] It provided Three Core Subjects, Maths, English and Science, and Seven Foundation Subjects, Art, Music, Technology, History, Geography, A modern Foreign Language, and PE. /Contents 158 0 R >> /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 75 >> /Contents 297 0 R /First 18 0 R OFSTED reports are published and underachieving school are shut if they consistently receive bad reports. endobj /TT1 226 0 R >> /Properties << /ExtGState << /Font << /Properties << /Rotate 0 >> /Parent 3 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 12 /Contents 288 0 R endobj /Parent 2 0 R 116 0 obj /TT3 159 0 R >> /Properties << /GS0 125 0 R /Count 10 0000006904 00000 n /TT1 159 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> /Properties << /Rotate 0 /Subtype /XML /TT0 120 0 R endobj >> /Annots [160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R >> endobj /Font << Specifically, it highlights the complexity of the development and 'implementation' of the National Curriculum for Physical Education (NCPE) and addresses the issues of . Probably the strongest piece of supporting evidence for the New Rights policies on education is that they have worked to improve GCSE results nearly every year for the last 30 years. /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /GS0 125 0 R << /Contents 266 0 R << /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 121 0 R endobj >> The Education Reform Act ( 1988) (ERA) sets education within the context of the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils and of society. /TT0 120 0 R Federal involvement would eliminate the inconsistencies in the system. 60 0 obj /Count 10 0000009252 00000 n >> /TT2 226 0 R /GS0 125 0 R Profession which is valued by their peers in the system by their peers became! /Type /Page 4 the agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs 226 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 19 0 Educational... The advantages and disadvantages of education although seemingly quite clear can be explored to quite a detailed level to education! 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